Youth Justice in 2011 is tougher on crime than on the causes of crime. The WritePass Journal

Youth Justice in 2011 is tougher on crime than on the causes of crime. Introduction Youth Justice in 2011 is tougher on crime than on the causes of crime. ), had only been a focus for different governmental departments pre-1997.  Ã‚   Coles (2012) states that the Blair administration was the first to have a Ministry and department (Social Exclusion Unit) specifically for young people to address the NEET problem (Alcock et al: 394) and thereby address the problem of anti-social behaviour.   It was for this reason that the Connexions service was set up Furthermore, the same could be said for the Coalition’s policies regarding criminal justice.   Austerity measures were talked up as being the reasons behind the cuts before the riots.   However, it could be argued that some of the cuts regarding youth justice and its appendages were made too harshly.   Those things that matter to individuals such as education and health are being cut back and this in turn has triggered off the mentality that was inherent in the riots.   According to Will Hutton, as quoted in Ohana and Otten(2011),: We are arriving at a major turning point in our national life.   It is not enough to talk about being tough on crime and the causes of crime.   We need an entire root and branch reshaping of our economy and society – where both rewards and punishment are judicious proportional and deserved, and all within a revived and larger understanding of fairness.We need good capitalism and the good society that accompanies it (Ohana and Otten: 2011: 245) It remains to be seen whether this present Coalition government is going to do anything   about the ‘root and branch’ causes behind youth crime in general and last year’s riots in particular.  Ã‚   The mixed messages given out by the Government seems to indicate that they will be just as tough on the causes of criminality as they will be on criminality itself.   Given the track record of the previous government regarding equality of expenditure between the punishment of crime and the prevention of it, this Coalition government may have a job on their hands in balancing the two. Reference List Blair, T (1997), ‘New Labour because Britain   deserves better’, The 1997 New Labour Manifesto, Available at labour-party.org.uk/manifestos/1997/1997-labour-manifesto.shtml Cameron, D, (2011), ‘PM’s Speech on the fightback after the riots’, Monday 15th August 2011, Available at number10.gov.uk/news/pms-speech-on-the-fightback-after-the-riots/ Coles, B (2012), ‘Young People’, IN: Alcock, P, May, M, Wright, S, (2012), ‘The Student’s Companion to Social Policy’, 4th Edition, London Hughes,  Ã‚   (2011) Ohana, Y and Otten, H, (2012), ‘Where do you stand?: Intercultural Learning and Political Education in   Contemporary Europe, Wiesbaden, Springer Fachmedien, Germany Raine, J and Keasey, P (2010), ‘Introduction: The Changing Politics of Law and Order’, IN: Doolin, K et al (ed.) (2010.), ‘Whose Criminal Justice?: State or Community?’, Waterside Press, Hook, Hampshire, England Rusbridger, A, (2011), (ed.), ‘Reading the Riots: Investigating England’s summer of disorder’, The Guardian, The London School of Economics and Political Science, Accessed at guardian.co.uk/uk/interactive/2011/dec/14/reading-the-riots-investigating-england-s-summer-of-disorder-full-report Sanders, A (2011), ‘What was New Labour thinking? New Labour’s approach to Criminal Justice’, IN: Silvestri, A (ed.), (2011), ‘Lessons for the Coalition: an end of term report on New Labour and criminal justice.’ Centre for Crime and Justice Studies, The Hadley Trust, London Soloman E, and Garside, R, (2008), ‘ Ten Years of Labour’s youth and justice reforms: an Independent audit,   Centre for Crime and Justice Studies, The Hadley Trust, London Available at crimeandjustice.org.uk/opus647/youthjusticeaudit.pdf

ESL Shopping Vocabulary Exercise to Fill in the Gap

ESL Shopping Vocabulary Exercise to Fill in the Gap Put each of the following words or phrases in the correct gap. tag, label, cashier, bargain, receipt, exchange, take back, try on, fit, advice, shop assistant, credit card, check, select, cash, refund, size, sale If you want to go shopping there are a number of things you have to consider. If you would like to find a _____ you should make sure to go to a _____. The only problem with a sale is that it is sometimes hard to _____ something once you buy it. Many stores also refuse to give a _____ on anything you have bought. If you are looking for clothes, make sure to _____, check the _____ to make sure that it is a good _____. Another good idea is to look at the _____ and _____ to see instructions for washing, etc. Its always a good idea to also ask the _____ for _____. Finally, when you go to the _____ you can usually pay by _____ or _____ if you dont have the _____. Never forget to get the _____! Answers tag, label, cashier, bargain, receipt, exchange, take back, try on, fit, advice,  shop assistant, credit card, check, select, cash, refund, size, sale If you want to go shopping there are a number of things you have to consider. If you would like to find a  bargain  you should make sure to go to a  sale.  The only problem with a sale is that it is sometimes hard to  exchange  something once you buy it. Many stores also refuse to give a  refund  on anything you have bought. If you are looking for clothes, make sure to  try them on,  check the  size  to make sure that it is a good  fit.  Another good idea is to look at the  tag  and  label  to see instructions for washing, etc. Its always a good idea to also ask the  shop assistant  for  advice.  Finally, when you go to the  cashier  you can usually pay by  credit card  or  check  if you dont have the  cash. Never forget to get the  receipt!

Internal Conflict in Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Internal Conflict in Germany - Essay Example The sudden increase in foreign population triggered aggressive reactions perpetrated particularly by factions of youthful males who opposed the idea. Practically, they must have envisioned the probability of multicultural divergence. Subsequently, conflict intensified between right-wing extremist and the migrants, and the right-wing-extremist and the destitute of the former West Germany (Ewald and Feltes, 2002). The negative impact of the aggressive acts of factions was boldly expressed in: first, the creation of a commission on immigration which is tasked to see to the appropriate immigration procedures and reduce further questions on clandestine entry, as well as additional unnecessary inflow; secondly, tourist would practically be staying away from areas where there are known clashes; third, prospective investors would not dare take the risk of pouring in money in areas where there is existing collision among antagonist groups; and fourth, a negative image of the country as a whole is projected internationally because of internal conflict (Ewald and Feltes, 2002). Looking at this situation objectively and intellectually, the antagonist must make a strong decision on whether they would like to keep living in a nation of turmoil and decay, or they would rather enjoy living in a community of an actively functioning economy.

Discrimination Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Discrimination Law - Essay Example Sex inequality issues in the United Kingdom By assigning the recognition of â€Å"protected characteristic† to sex as a criterion for maintaining equality in the United Kingdom, the Equality Act 2010 complicates issues in several ways. The history of inequality with regard to sex in the UK has spanned decades, and still evolving. It is such a complex matter that could not be easily rectified through the mere reform of the UK discrimination law. The following examples demonstrate why sex inequality is such an endemic crime in the United Kingdom. Though progress has been recorded recently in every facet of UK public life, however, the society is still largely dominated by males (Coveney et al., 1984). There are reports of gender inequality in education all across the UK (Riddell and Salisbury, 1999). 2 Male dominance has become ingrained into the UK society that it seems it is just the natural thing to do. It is a known fact that discriminating against women in terms of educatio n (as it was done many years before) has a far-reaching impact on the womenfolk. First, it makes women to be unequal with men in knowledge acquisition and subsequently turns them into unqualified people. This trend had made it impossible to find women who were as qualified as men to take up challenging positions in both private and public offices. Although things have changed drastically in this modern dispensation, but there are still disheartening reports that sex discrimination is still a viable problem in UK labour practices (Perlman and Pike, 1994). Employers look down on women and consider men for jobs based on different reasons. It is believed that most women do not maintain continuity in their jobs because of other responsibilities that include marriage, children-bearing and other domestic concerns; men, on the other hand, are regarded as strong and more professionally minded. Using these reasons to discriminate against women is not appropriate, but employers are mainly conc erned about the success of their businesses. If they are eventually employed, women still face serious issues of discrimination in their workplaces. There are indications that some UK companies offer better pensions and insurance benefits for their male workers than those given to their female employees (Perlman and Pike, 1994). Similarly, wages for male and female workers are not the same, even though they do the same amount of job at their respective workplaces. This 3 preferential treatment of male workers over female workers stems from the fact that United Kingdom’s industries were founded with a focus on males as the viable workforce (Mosley et al., 2002). And this perception has not changed much in this modern day as employers still dismissed female workers because of flimsy excuses like dating a fellow worker or getting pregnant during the peak work period (FL Memo Ltd., 2005). An interesting case to illustrate the tediousness of the male versus female tension in UK la bour markets is Webb v EMO Air Cargo (UK) Ltd, where Ms Webb was seeking claims for unfair dismissal based on her pregnancy. Those she was chastised for using the argument that if male workers could be allowed to treat themselves when they fell sick, why shouldn’t a pregnant woman be allowed to go for child-rearing; her employer (Air Cargo (UK) Ltd was criticised for firing her based on pregnancy, an action that was illegal and contravened the United Kingdom labour law (Collins et al., 2005). This

Billy Budd Sailor Essay Example for Free

Billy Budd Sailor Essay Billy Budd, Sailor, a novel by Herman Melville, at first sight, seems like it is nothing else but the story of a sailor who is executed after being wrongly accused of mutiny. But when one examines the story deeply one finds that the story has a different meaning and that Billy Budd resembles Christ in many ways. Billy Budd as a Christ figure According to the author’s description, Billy Budd, the main protagonist, like Christ was handsome, pure and as innocent as a child in a world full of evil men. He had the same physical features of Christ. Like Christ, he had blue eyes and a symmetrical figure. The resemblance is evident in the first chapter when Captain Graveling, after the crew stopped fighting as soon as Billy joined them, says that Billy neither preached nor said anything to the crew. There was a kind of virtuousness in him that reached out to people. (Melville, 1924) The author here alludes to Christ who was also virtuous and healed all those who came into contact with him. The symbolism is more evident in the end chapters, especially in the scenes of the death of Billy Budd. For instance, Captain Vere cries, â€Å"Struck dead by an angel of God! † (Melville, 1924) after Billy strikes Claggart, and then says, â€Å"Yet the angel must hang†, (Melville, 1924) when he realizes that Billy has to die. Billy, before he dies, says, â€Å"God bless Captain Vere†. (Melville, 1924) All this reminds us of Christ. Christ like Billy in the novel forgave all those who were responsible for his death. The resemblance is all the more evident in the last chapter when Billy is executed. Here the author describes how Billy’s shipmates worship the gallows from which Billy was hung. Christ’s followers too worshipped the Cross. The setting and all the events that take place have a striking resemblance to the events that took place when Christ was executed. In conclusion it can be said that Billy Budd in the novel is not an ordinary sailor but a Christ-like figure, a symbol of Christ with characteristics of Christ. Just as Christ was a victim of an antagonistic society and had to sacrifice his life, Billy Budd too was an innocent victim of society and had to sacrifice his life. References Melville, Herman (1924), Billy Budd, Sailor, The University of Chicago Press, 1962.

Problems Caused By Air Pollution Essay -- essays research papers

Problems Caused By Air Pollution Some people think that air pollution is not harming the earth or the people, but it is doing worse, by killing the earth and getting people sick. "Air pollutants," according to Gay, "are known to cause respiratory diseases, cancer, and other serious illnesses" (12). Air pollution not only threatens the health and life of humans but also causes damage to the environment (Gay 13). First, air pollution causes a great deal of health problems. Wanting clean air is a good reason because air that is polluted can damage human health (Edelson 25). In the United States many health problems have occurred because of air pollution. According to Sproull, "For more than a decade, local residents in the tri-state valley bounded by Kentucky, Ohio, and West Virginia have claimed to suffer from health problems, including rashes, respiratory problems and even cancers" (D4). In 1948, in the industrial town of Donora, Pennsylvania, which sits in a valley, had twenty deaths, and nearly 6,000 residents, or 40% of the population, suffered respiratory problems (Edelson 25, 26). New York experienced several killer smogs, which in a later analysis attributed, from the usually severe pollution, 58 deaths (Edelson 26). Not only in the United States are health problems caused by air pollution showing up, but they are also showing up in other parts of the world, like Europe. In 1930, in Belgium's Meuse River valley, a major industrial region, where the primary fuel was coal reported sixty deaths, and about 6,000 residents of the valley became ill with breathing problems and respiratory infections (Edelson 25). In December 1952, the toll was huge in London from the infamous smog, which caused up to 4,000 deaths, when levels of sulfur oxides and particulates rose above normal (Edelson 26). Air pollution also increased deaths from chronic lung disease in the United States. "Although statistics on the physical effects of air pollution are not easily calculated," according to Edelson, "an alarming related statistic is that between 1970 and 1986, deaths in the United States from chronic lung disease rose 36%" (35). Air pollution has cost a great deal of money on health care in the United States. In terms of health care and lost productivity, the costs ... ... that do not harm the air, water, or land (Gay 121). Even though a large majority of Americans refuse to buy products or pay for services that contribute to environmental problems, people should still get involved (Gay 121). In order to save energy to save the earth, people should do the following: - When the lights are not in use, turn them off. - Instead of normal light bulbs, use compact fluorescent light bulbs. - On a short trip, walk or ride a bike. - Whenever possible, use public transportation. - To conserve heat or air conditioning, close off unused rooms. - To save fuel, adjust thermostat a few degrees lower for heating and higher for cooling. - For better efficiency, clean furnace and air condition filters. - Only when full, run the dishwasher, washer, and dryer. (Gay 115) There is no excuse, for not becoming involved to stop air pollution. Many scientists predict that the temperature of the earth will rise because of global warming (Edelson 87). Some scientists already believe that the earth is already warming (Edelson 87). If people do not become involved the earth will not be suitable enough to live on in the future, and there might not be anybody left for the future.

Catherine Triangle Essay

Overlooking the docks area of Brooklyn is the massive Brooklyn Bridge, which spans New York’s East River and which joins the boroughs of Brooklyn and Manhattan. In the title, Miller suggests he is giving the audience a view of the community which lies below the bridge. The title also suggests that the audience is given a panoramic view of the scene, much as a captain of a ship has an all-round view from the vessel’s bridge. The action of the play takes place largely in an apartment in a tenement block in the Red Hook area of Brooklyn. In the play, Alfieri, the lawyer, describes the area as: â€Å"the slum that faces the bay on the seaward side of Brooklyn Bridge† and as â€Å"the gullet of New York swallowing the tonnage of the world. † It was a socially deprived area, where succeeding generations of immigrants from Europe, both legal and illegal, found a home and work. There was a long-established Italian community in the area. The Culture and Society of Red Hook. Given the rather traditional values of Italian-American society in the middle of the twentieth century and the fact that most of the men earned their living from hard physical labour in the dockyards and elsewhere, it is not surprising that Red Hook was quite a raw, masculine and even macho society. Manhood, which involved strength and aggression (and proving it) was very important. Women were expected to conform to an image of purity and domestic virtue and, as Beatrice does, gain most of their satisfaction from cooking and maintaining the household. The men expected to be respected and obeyed as of right and the women had to submit to them in decision- making. The influence of the Roman Catholic Church was strong and most people had traditional moral views. The family and the extended family were of major importance as was the community. Many of the families were recent immigrants from Southern Italy, the original home of the Mafia, and family and blood ties were often demonstrated through the practice of vendetta, that is the obligation on the rest of the family to take revenge on anyone who insulted or harmed any of its members. It was, therefore, a culture in which a man’s reputation (for strength and honesty, for example) was crucial to him and where any affront to a person’s honour had to be avenged. This may help you to understand the pressure that Eddie and Marco are under at the end of the play. The Legal Background. In the first 20 years of the Twentieth Century, over three million Italians emigrated to the U. S. A. to escape from the poverty of their homeland and in the hope of a better life in America. These were legal immigrants to America, but the local population grew increasingly hostile to the Italian community. In the early 1920s the American government passed laws to restrict immigration and afterwards only four thousand Italians were allowed to enter the U. S. A.  legally each year. Far more than this number were desperate to escape the poverty of their own country. Two such were the ‘submarines’, Marco and Rodolpho, cousins of Beatrice, who enter America illegally on the evening the play opens. One of the few ways an illegal immigrant could gain the right to remain in America legitimately was to marry an American citizen. This sometimes meant that illegal immigrants married not for love, but simply to remain in the country. We can perhaps better understand Eddie’s fears about Rodolpho when we know this 7. The Carbone Family’s Background. A playwright, unlike a novelist, cannot describe characters and situations to an audience. Details about characters and their relationships have to be revealed gradually and subtly. What, then, do we know about the Carbone family and the relationships within it? The Carbones live in an apartment in a tenement building, at 441 Saxon Street, Brooklyn, which Miller describes as a ‘worker’s flat, clean, sparse, homely. ‘ Eddie, aged 40, is a large, strong man who enjoys male pursuits and going bowling with his friends. He is a longshoreman (i. e. he works in the docks). Beatrice is a traditional 1950s housewife. She keeps the flat looking immaculate, cooks and, at least in the early part of the play, dutifully defers to Eddie in everything. She stands up to Eddie much more as the action unfolds, and objects to his overprotective attitude to Catherine. Catherine, Beatrice’s attractive 17-year-old niece, had been adopted by Eddie and Beatrice when her parents died. Catherine is very fond of Eddie but there is growing tension between them because of Catherine’s wish to start work and Eddie’s desire to protect her from, as he sees them, the dangers of the adult world. The Eddie – Beatrice – Catherine Triangle. The relationship between these three is the fOcus of Act I. Eddie and Beatrice have obviously had a warm, loving relationship but there are currently stresses. In Catherine’s opinion, and in Eddie’s too, Beatrice nags her husband. Catherine tells Rodolpho: â€Å"If I was a wife, I would make a man happy instead of going on at him all the time† (Implying that Beatrice does ‘go on’ at Eddie. ) Eddie certainly agrees with Catherine’s view. He tells Beatrice: â€Å"You didn’t used to jump on me all the time about everything. The last year or two I come in the house I don’t know what’s gonna hit me. It’s a shooting gallery in here and I’m the pigeon. † Part of the tension is caused by Eddie’s belief that he should be the master in the house and Beatrice’s increasing wish to express her own view. This leads Eddie to say, â€Å"I don’t like the way you talk to me, Beatrice†, whenever Beatrice disagrees with him. The Catherine – Rodolpho – Eddie Triangle. When Eddie first hears that Beatrice’s cousins have arrived he says it would be an ‘honour’ to help them, despite the obvious risks involved. He knows how important it is to give the men a chance to work to send money back to Italy. There is no doubt that Eddie understands the poverty they are escaping as his own father had come to the U. S. A. from Italy. Eddie’s willingness to offer hospitality shows that he is a good man, aware of his responsibilities to others in the Italian-American community. This makes his later actions an even greater shock. Eddie is immediately impressed by the quiet dignity and maturity of Marco, but he is equally quickly irritated by Rodolpho. This is partly because of Rodolpho’s personality, for he is an extrovert, quite loud, showy, lively and fun- loving, but also because of his appearance. Eddie’s stereotyping of Rodolpho because of his blond hair and his voice shows prejudice, which reflects not just Eddie’s attitudes but those of his time and culture. . The Catherine – Rodolpho – Eddie Triangle Things which irritate Eddie These are the things about Rodolpho which irritate Eddie: His appearance; especially his blond ‘wacky’ hair. Eddie says of Rodolpho: â€Å"he’s like a chorus girl or sump’n†. His abilities and talents, e. g. dressmaking and cooking, which Eddie thinks are things only a woman should do. This leads him to doubt whether Rodolpho is a ‘real’ man. His fondness for singing out loud in his high tenor voice, even on the ships. Eddie is embarrassed that other men laugh at Rodolpho for this. He is particularly angry when Rodolpho sings ‘Paper Doll’ because he thinks the words may be related to Catherine and he becomes aware of the growing romance between her and Rodolpho. The stage directions state that Eddie is ‘puffed with trouble’ when he notices the growing affection between Catherine and Rodolpho. These are the things that annoy Eddie at first, but annoyance becomes hate when he realises that Rodolpho is a rival for Catherine. In Act II, Eddie is furious with Catherine and Rodolpho for going to the cinema and staying out late. Eddie believes that Rodolpho is deliberately dating Catherine in the hope of marrying her and being able to stay in America. It is difficult to decide whether this is a genuine concern or whether Eddie is using it as an excuse to cover his real feeling which is sexual jealousy. What do you think? It is unlikely that a man like Eddie would consider Rodolpho as a suitable partner for Catherine, even if there was no sexual jealousy involved. . The Catherine – Rodolpho – Eddie Triangle Eddie’s motives Whatever his motives, be they genuine concern to protect his niece or sexual jealousy, Eddie tries his hardest to turn Catherine against Rodolpho and split them up. He tries to humiliate Rodolpho in front of Catherine in the following ways: He cleverly introduces the subject of boxing (a suitably masculine activity for Eddie) and, while pretending to teach Rodolpho how to box, hits him in the mouth. For Eddie, this demonstrates to Catherine what a weak man Rodolpho is and what a strong one he (Eddie) is. It also shows that Eddie thinks women are more attracted to strong, aggressive males.

Pedro Paterno Essay

Pedro Paterno was born in Manila on February 27, 1857. Pedro Paterno was a Filipino statesman as well as a poet and writer. He was the author of Pacto de Biyak-na-Bato (Pact of Biyak-na-Bato), first published in 1910. He studied at Ateneo de Manila and afterwards at the University of Salamanca. He likewise enrolled at the Central University of Madrid where he completed his law degree. Paterno joined the Propaganda Movement. His greatest contribution to the country was his role as a mediator in the peace agreement between the Spaniards and the Filipinos. Read more: How did the constitution guard against tyranny mini q essay Pedro Paterno contributed a lot in Philippine literature too. His writings showed how much he loved his country. He had also given the Filipinos a sense of pride through the honors and achievements he had contributed to our culture and literature. His work El Cristianismo en la Antigua Civilization Tagalog, was one work that achieved so much admiration and recognition. Paterno was one of the representatives in the National Assembly on April 1899. He did not agree in the planned annexation of the Philippines to the United States. He believed that the Filipinos would rather choose to govern their own country than have it ruled by the Americans. Because of his refusal, other Filipinos followed suit. This refusal stirred their emotions to fight against the Americans later on. Paterno died on March 27, 1911 at the age of 53. Early life As the son of Maximo Molo Paterno and Carmen de Vera Ignacio, he belonged to a wealthy family. His first education was under Florentino Flores, and he later enrolled at Ateneo Municipal de Manila where he graduated in 1871. He went to Spain and studied at the University of Salamanca, then transferred to the Central University of Madrid where he took his law doctorate in 1880. Patriot Paterno helped in the negotiations of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato on December 15, 1897 and later wrote a book about it. While in Spain, he joined the Propaganda Movement. He wrote one of the first Filipino novels, entitled Ninay, which was published before Jose Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere. He also  wrote Sampaguita y Poesias, a collection of Filipino poems in Spanish that was published in Madrid in 1880. In the 1890s, Paterno became the Prime Minister of the first Philippine Republic, a cabinet member and an assemblyman. During the American invasion of the Philippines, he was one of the Filipinos who favored the coming of the Americans and advocated the incorporation of both countries. Balimbing Reputation The reputation has its origins in Pedro Paterno’s role in the negotiation of the 1897 Pact of Biyak-na-Bato between the Philippine revolutionaries and the Spanish. Paterno agreed to abandon his fellow revolutionaries struggle and collaborate with the colonial administration. Then when the USA in 1898 declared war on Spain, Paterno urged the revolutionaries to defend Spanish rule against the Americans, and he continued to urge resistance to the USA during the Philippine-American war. When captured, he swore allegiance to the USA, and was subsequently appointed President of the Consultative Assembly. He has long been an easy target for nationalist historians. Perhaps because as an author of a considerable number of works of history, historians place him as an ilustrado who compromised with both colonialism and nationalism, with loyalties split between Spain and the Philippines. For historians Paterno’s â€Å"The Pact of Biyak-na-Bato† is a primary source on the top ic, but some historians (particularly Ambeth Ocampo) interpret this supposed historical writing as fiction. Here are some passages that draw the question of whether Paterno’s writings are fact or fiction: â€Å"A lady, a beautiful lass of seventeen years came to me one night panting, trembling, with her long hair spread out on her shoulders down to her back like a dark night. Her sweet lips were rosy and quivering, with her eyes filled with tears and her chest palpitating. I asked her, ‘What do you want?’ And I came to learn that all she wanted was for me to take her along. She told me between sobs and tears that she was very unfortunate, having fallen prey to a revolutionary chief whom she hated. My soul was tearing me to pieces because of this enchanting lady. But what could I do?† Another describes his wife on her deathbed. He wants to be with his wife, but then duty calls and he must forge peace in the Philippines between the revolutionists led by Emilio Aguinaldo and the enemy led by the Spanish governor-general. This is how Paterno resolves this delicate problem: â€Å"I reflected. Finally, I hit the  nail on its head. With money everything could be done. I gave her a respectable sum of money so she could run away. The poor girl made her escape and left nothing but a great longing and a rosary of sampaguita flowers that she gave me in return. I kept it among my unredeemed receipts and old documents which were being eaten by years of disillusion.† Paterno died of cholera at the age of 53. Pedro Paterno’s Proclamation of War June 2, 1899 To the Filipino people: No one is ignorant of the fact that since we took the direction of the Ship of State we have sacrificed ourselves to the services of the government of our republic, offering ourselves as victims for the sake of peace without abandoning the sacred idea of liberty and independence which fires our country; but the North Americans refuse to suspend hostilities, asked for by us so that we may consult the National Assembly, seat of free popular sovereignty. The Commissioners returning from Manila so declare. Since it is their desire, may the responsibility of the war and its consequences fall on the great nation of the United States of America. We have done our duty as patriots and human beings, showing the great powers of the world that the present cabinet has the diplomacy necessary to protect our casue as well as the arms required to defend our rights. The Council of Government, deciding to preserve our republican institutions, national independence, and the presidency of Don Emilio Agu inaldo, in spite of the Americans, who intended to construct upon our ruins the edifice of tyranny, has concluded to continue the war, preserving unhurt in their spirit and letter our constitution and laws, which we have conqured with so much blood and such sacrifices. To war, then, beloved brothers, to war! In order that the people be free it is necessary that they be brave. Rich and poor, learned and ignorant, beloved Filipinos, hasten to unite to save our native land from insult and ignominy, from punishments and scaffollds, from the sad and fatal inheritance of enslaved generations. The God of War, in whom we have put our faith and hoppe, will help us. Confusion, internal and  international dissensions and conflicts, rend the invading army; its volunteers, being aware that we are in the right, fight without enthusiasm and only in compliance with their forced military duty. Within the American nation itself, a great political party asks for the recognition of our rights, and the Divine Providence watches over the justice of our case. Forward, Filipinos, and the sun of vistory will shine upon us. Long live the Filipino sovereign people !! Long live national independence !! Long live the liberating army !! Long live Don Emilio Aguinaldo, President of the Republic !! Pedro Alejandro Paterno (February 27, 1858 – March 11, 1911) was a Filipino politician, as well as a poet and novelist.[1] His intervention on behalf of the Spanish led to the signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato on December 14, 1897, an account of which he published in 1910. Among his other works include the first novel written by a native Filipino, Ninay (1885), and the first Filipino collection of poems in Spanish, Sampaguitas y poesà ­as (Jasmines and Poems), published in Madrid in 1880.[2] Biak-na-Bato At the trial of Josà © Rizal in 1896, it was suggested that Paterno, along with Rizal, had incited the Katipunan because they had both written about the ancient Tagalog civilization. As evidence for their complicity, the Spanish prosecution cited Paterno’s earlier work â€Å"Antigua Civilizacià ³n† as promoting ideas which had â€Å"consequences both erroneous and injurious to Spanish sovereignty.† Nobody moved against Paterno, however, because he was close to a significant number of Spanish officials – both military and civilian – who could vouch for him. Thus, Paterno, like many others of the Manila elite, distanced himself from the events of the Katipunan revolution.[1] In 1897 the Philippine revolutionary forces led by Emilio Aguinaldo had been driven out of Cavite and retreated northwards from town to town until they finally settled in Biak-na-Bato, in the town of San Miguel de Mayumo in Bulacan. Here, they established what became known as th e Republic of Biak-na-Bato.[3] In late July, 1897, Paterno voluntarily presented himself to Governor  General Fernando Primo de Rivera, whom he had known while living in Spain, and offered his services as a mediator.[1] Because many highly-placed Spaniards of the time thought Paterno held great sway over the natives, Primo de Rivera accepted Paterno’s offer. He called for a truce, explaining his decision to the Cortes Generales: â€Å"I can take Biak-na-Bato, any military man can take it, but I can not answer that I could crush the rebellion.†[3] Paterno left Manila on August 4, 1897 and found Aguinaldo five days later. This began a three-month-long series of talks which saw Paterno constantly shuffling between Manila, Biyak-na-bato, and some areas in Southern Luzon where a number of revolutionary chiefs held sway. During the negotiations, Paterno’s wife Luisa died on November 27, 1897.[1] In ceremonies on December 14-15 that year, Aguinaldo signed the Pact of Biak-na-bato. He proclaimed the official end of the Philippine revolution on Christmas Day, and on left for Hong Kong via the port of Dagupan on December 27.[3] He returned to Manila on January 11 amidst great celebration, but was spurned by Primo de Rivera and other authorities when he asked to be recompensed by being granted a dukedom, a seat on the Spanish Senate, and payment for his services in Mexican Dollars.[1] The Filipino negotiators for the Pact of Biak-na-Bato. Seated from left to right: Paterno and Emilio Aguinaldo with five companions Prime minister He served as prime minister of the first Philippine republic in the middle of 1899, and served as head of the country’s assembly, and the cabinet. American Colonial Period  With the Philippine-American War after the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1898, he was among the most prominent Filipinos who joined the American side and advocated the incorporation of the Philippines into the United States. Death He died of cholera on March 11, 1911. His literary work was not appreciated until several decades after his death. Legacy Pedro Paterno Despite Paterno’s prominence in the many upheavals that defined the birth of the Philippine nation during his lifetime, Paterno’s legacy is largely  infamous among Philippine historians and nationalists. Philippine historian Resil Mojares notes that: History has not been kind to Pedro Paterno. A century ago, he was one of the country’s premier intellectuals, blazing trails in Philippine letters. Today he is ignored in many of the fields in which he once held forth with much eminence, real and imagined. No full length biography or extended review of his corpus of writings has been written, and no one reads him today.[1] Much of this is attributed to Paterno’s penchant for turncoatism, as described by historian Ambeth Ocampo, who sums up his career thus: Remember, Paterno was one of the greatest â€Å"balimbing† [turncoats] in history (perhaps he was the original balimbing in Philippine political history). He was first on the Spanish side, then when the declaration of independence was made in 1898, he wormed his way to power and became president of the Malolos Congress in 1899, then sensing the change in political winds after the establishment of the American colonial government, he became a member of the First Philippine Assembly.[2] Title Ninay Original author Paterno, Pedro Original date of document 1908 Original place of publication Limbagan Nang La Republika Kiotan Bilang 30, 1908. Publisher Limbagan Ng La Republika Kiotan Bilang 30 Place of Publication Limbagan Nang La Republika Kiotan Bilang 30, 1908. Period American Occupation Category Culture Society Language Filipino Textual Physical Form Book Physical description 262p. Ninay is considered the first Philippine and Tagalog novel. Written by Pedro Paterno and published in 1908, it portrayed the richness of the Philippine environment and culture through intertwined narratives and descriptions of the countries sights and rituals. It served to disprove the Spanish assertion that the Philippines did not have a distinct culture. Contents[hide] * 1 Synopsis * 2 External Links * 3 References * 4 Citation| [edit] Synopsis The novel uses the local tradition of pasiyam or nine-day novena as a frame to two narratives of unrequited and ill-fated love. The pasiyam is being held for Ninay. The first narrative is that of Ninay and her lover Carlos Mabagsic who is wrongly accused of leading an insurrection by a Portuguese businessman, Federico Silveyro. Carlos leaves for a colorful journey abroad, but when he comes back, Ninay has entered the convent. He acquires and dies of cholera and soon after, Ninay is struck and killed by the same disease. The second narrative is that of Loleng and Berto. Don Juan Silveyro’s evil schemes prevent the lovers from being together. Loleng dies and Berto turns into an outlaw to take revenge on Don Juan. Berto also unwittingly avenges Ninay and Carlos by ending Federico’s wickedness as well. The novel has ten chapters: an introduction followed by one chapter for every night of the pasiyam.

Ra essays

Ra essays R was the centerpiece of the ancient Egyptian culture. Like other ancient cultures the Egyptians had a primary god who was believed to have created the universe and all its beings. This belief structured their entire religious and political doctrine. With this dogma their culture was unified and successful. The belief in the Sun god began by a small cult in the city Helioplis, a few miles north of Cairo. The ideology of R explains to its followers the phenomena of nature and creation. Soon the belief became popular and spread over Egypt. R was known or represented as many things. In human form R was called Atum. Atum wore a double crown, one red crown for lower Eygpt and the other a white crown for Upper Egypt, showing his unification of rule. R is also known as the sacred beetle Khepra. They associated the beetle with R because they saw it come from the ground and it was believed that they were self created. Other depictions of R show him as a man with the head of a falcon with a solar disc toped with a cobra. All different versions of R united the same myth, which governed all Egypt. The myth of R starts with the morning. He is supposed to rise from the mountains and sail across the sky in his boat of a million years. Some believed that R was born anew at sunrise and aged as the day progressed. At midday he was a hero and at sunset an old man. He had two boats; the first was Manjet, the boat that sailed crossed the day, and Mesektet, the boat that sailed him through the underworld. Other gods where have said to travel with him on his voyages. Before R begat other gods he existed alone in a watery mass of Nun which filled up the universe. He had sexual union with him self and bore Shu, the god of the air and Tefnut, the goddess of moister. Shu and Tefnut then produced Geb, the god of earth, and Nut, the goddess of the sky. Geb and Nut produced Osir...

WHEN TO WRITE FOR FREE

WHEN TO WRITE FOR FREE Anyone who has known me for very long, recalls that Im all about writing for money. And Im vehemently opposed to writing mills. Writing Mills = Sites known as Content Aggregators. They pay pennies. You earn based on quantity of articles, not quality. They always advertise for new writers (mainly because of the turnover once writers learn the deal). Granted, they are enticing. You dont really answer to an editor. You rarely get rejected. But those clips mean nothing in your portfolio. Why? Because people in the industry recognize writing mill work for what it is. Words thrown together to grab searches in hopes the people searching happen to click on the advertisements. However, blogs have changed everything. You write free on your own blog. You write free when you guest blog. You write free on major website blogs. Yes, there are a few blogs that pay, but most dont. Blogs can be opportunity, even though they do not pay much if at all.Just remember the rules. Write for free if you are breaking in to a well-known blog. Carol Tice is a freelance copywriter making a good living at it. Look at what shes published, and note that many of them are blog posts. caroltice.com/articles When a market is competitive, offer a sharp blog post for free, to get your foot in the door. Maybe even two, three,even ten posts. Get them used to you, then ask for compensation,or maybe even a regular gig. Write for free if you are breaking in to a magazine. Today many magazines have a sister blog. Pitch the editor of the blog. Your resume will still say you wrote for Family Circle(or fill in the mag name). And once they learn to love your posts, you can pitch to the print. Write for free if you are selling something else. Blog tours/virtual tours for books can generate income via book sales. Just make sure the post is good and a stand alone even if you didnt have a book. Or else write about a subject thats in the book, but dont hard-sell the book. Just show youre an expert in what you do. See? There are times to write for free. Just be smart about it. PAYING BLOG SITES bloggerjobs.biz/ makealivingwriting.com/why-i-pay-writers/ therenegadewriter.com/2012/06/21/the-renegade-writer-blog-is-now-paying-for-guest-posts/ http://readlearnwrite.com/guest-post/ http://jobs.problogger.net/

Presidential commission ability to present ideas to enable the US to Essay

Presidential commission ability to present ideas to enable the US to effectively wage war - Essay Example The other most prominent of these wars is the World War II that took place 1939-1945. In this war, what enabled US emerge the winners in their own way was the air superiority they had. US used aircraft carriers to bomb places including Hiroshima and Nagasaki but this made them had an upper advantage over their enemies whose aircraft strength was bare minimal compared with that of US. In spite of the controversy surrounding the Vietnam War (1955-1975), what made the war last that longer and later on helped the Vietnamese seek their independence after the defeat was the fact that the US military brought in a lot of its soldiers to fight the war. The increase in military strength with thousands of US soldiers fighting made the war last a few more years than it would have (Fredriksen, 154). Lastly, US military’s strength to win wars emanates from the money it puts in the military operations. This is true in the war against terrorism and especially that led to Osama to be captured. This war started in the 2001 and finally subsided with the death of the Al Qaeda leader and mastermind Osama. Trillions of dollars were used to fund this military exercise and finally this entire tax payer’s money yielded results. There are several things the previous military wars by the US has taught the nation and this can be used for future purposes in order to avoid the massive losses that are mostly incurred during wars including death of soldiers, loss of battle ships, spending a lot of money on dead ends and investigations among others. One of these things is the capitalization of US military on the strength of their soldiers. This therefore means that their soldiers are their biggest assets when it comes to war and therefore should always be made to feel that. This is possible through motivating them and appreciating their effort and hard work.

Science Fiction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Science Fiction - Essay Example The man-machine characters and events must blend so that even if either the character or event or both are grotesque they appear credible to the audience. The levels of consciousness and intelligence of the man-machines must also blend with those of the audience. The highlights of this consciousness and intelligence, or the lack of these, must be intelligible to the audience. The action of the man-machines and their characteristics often lead to their ultimate survival or extermination. The man-machine is guided by his extra-ordinary senses, or sometimes lack of sense in certain areas such as inability to hear. In this scheme, the man-machine makes up for the weakness in one area with extra strength in another. This additional strength comes from the machine part of the man comprising chips and boards elevating the man's physical resources manifold and even to timelessness. The man-machine thing has awareness about his environment and when this awareness is interrupted it creates an element of surprise. This leads to examination and analysis. The man-machine does all this. He has tremendous physical strength. He has the capacity to bounce back from destructive encounters. He has the capacity for self-cure and self-rectification. With the advancement of technology, his powers have increased (Neme: Prosthetic Head). The perfection of the human spirit is not in the man-machine. Technology will have to advance much more for this status. The loose ends of the man-machine will be covered up as technology advances. As of now, the process is very long. It consists of perfecting the behavior of man-machine to those of man himself. Knowledge and self-realization will have to be perfected. Frankenstein's monster The... This essay discusses the science fiction, that has led to many inventions and discoveries. Before the advent of rockets, fiction abounded with stories of man firing projectiles. Subsequently, there were stories of man himself flying, either with the help of machines or by his own efforts with prosthetic wings or wings growing out of his body. The mingling of man and machine or the creation of a being, most of the time a malevolent being that was only partly man began with Frankenstein’s monster. The creation of the monster is by far the most intriguing and fascinating expression of the man-machine theme that has seen the character of Frankenstein’s monster adapt and evolve with the advancement of technology. The character of the monster is successfully used before large audiences to project the tendencies and capabilities of science. Firstly, will science accept the theory of the soul and the spirit? There is plenty of debate on this issue. The man-machine has to deal w ith this question to capably solve the riddle of creating a being that is equivalent to a machine with living emotions. Or will it be possible to create a man-machine with intelligence and information that can be equivalent to the dogma of emotions? Once man has created a machine with enough intelligent and information inputs to correspond to human emotions, he will have crossed the bridge to accept and discuss machines as living beings. Then he will have created a machine that is as alive and tangible as human beings.